1. Copernicus between 1514 and 1616: An Overview2. Astronomy at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Epistemology3. Beyond Computation: Copernican Ephemerists on Hypotheses, Astrology and Natural Philosophy4. A Finite and Infinite Sphere: Reinventing Cosmological Space5. A Ship-Like Earth: Reconceptualizing Motion6. A priori and a posteriori: Two Approaches to Heliocentrism7. The Bible versus Pythagoras: The End of an Epoch8. Laughing at Phaeton’s Fall: A New Man