1. The Diagnosis of Optic Neuropathies2. Optic Neuritis3. Optic Disc Edema with a Macular Star and Neuroretinitis4. Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy5. Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Giant Cell Arteritis6. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy7. Papilledema8. Transient Visual Loss9. Thyroid Eye Disease: Graves’ Ophthalmopathy10. Nystagmus and Other Ocular Oscillations11. Ptosis12. Lid Retraction and Lid Lag13. Anisocoria and Pupillary Abnormalities